Half lap



April 27 1926. i

D. B. WINTER HAbF LAP Filed May 12. 1924 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 fivvezrlbn- D. B. WINTER April 27 1926.

HALF- LAP 3 l I l l ll 7 M n a e A r m a w i 1 m 5 I 6%. W N1 Maw a wi w H w m g 3 M casein removal and restoration of parts and Patented Apr. 27, 1926.

nsane DONALD B. WINTER, or FALL RIVER, MASSACHUSETTS.

HALF LAP.

Application filed May 12, 1924. Serial No; 712,843.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, DONALD B. Vmrsa, a citizen of the United States, residing at Fall River, in the county of Bristol and State of hr'lassachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Half Laps, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings.

The principal objects of my invention are to obtain the greatest efficiency in operation, durability in structure, simplicity and uniformity in maiiufacture, accessibility and savings in cost of manufacture and of repairs. These objects are" obtainable and result primarily and broadlyspeaking,

First,throngh avoiding in the construction of my half-lap, the dissimilarity and inaccuracy in the structure andjthe parts of the half-lap, due to using as the center of the measurements for said construction, the center of the shaft upon which the half lap revolves, by using as a common center of r measurements, the center of the combing-arc which, as is well known, is eccentric to the said center of the shaft; and using arcs struck from said eccentric center, determining the pitch of the slots and their matrices, the depth of the slots, the pitch of the brush surfaces of the comb-stock, and the location of the locking means for the matrices; all of which results in matrices and slots identical as to form, and in new and identical combstock brush surfaces, and identity as to the relationshipbetween the brush surfaces and n'iatrices; second, by substituting for individual locking means for each matrix, means for simultaneously and positively seating and locking all of the matrices in operative position in their respective slots in the combstock, and simultaneously unlocking the same.

The drawings illustrate the principles of the features of my invention, and the best embodiment of the same now known to me. They are reproductions of mechanical drawings of the structure, some of which are twice its normal size, in order that the operative dimensions, and angles, may be substantially learnedby measurement, without the necessity of namingthem hereinafter.

. Fig l is an end view of the half-lap, and its rotary brush;

\ Fig. 2 is a. fragmentary view of the lap and brush, showing the brush engaging the needles and the brush surfaces of the half-lap; Figs. 1 and 2 being normal size;

Fig. 3 how identity of form andstructure of each slot, matrix, brush surface, etc. may be attained; Fig. t is an locking device;

Fig. 5 is a plan of same; I Fig. Sis a section of same on line 66 Fig. 4, showing a matrix with needles, and rings to lock thematrix in the comb-stock; Fig. 7 shows end view of modified form of matrix and locking ring;

Fig.8 is aplan thereof, while Fig. 9 is a section of the modification, on line 9-9, Fig. 7, showing the form given to a matrix, for the reception of its locking rings. H

A shaft 1, Figs. 1 and 3, has mounted thereon, a central barrel 1 upon which is romovably secured by screws, a comb-stock 2 whose inner curved surface 3, resting upon the barrel, has as its center 4;, that of the shaft; while the center of the longitudinal axis of the comb-stock, required for successful use and in the manufacture of the comb-stock, is slightly eccentric to that of the shaft, and is the center 5 of a combing end view of half-lap, with are 6, Fig. 3. From this center 5, Fig. 3,

are struck arcs designated as a slot tangency are 7; a, depth slot arc 8; an outer surface are 9; and a brush surface tangency are 10; there being here shown twelve matrices ll. The combingare 6 is therefore divided into eleven equal spaces, and from each of the resulting twelve points as 12 (which, in fact, are the highest points of the matrices, called the matrix peaks, and form the bases of the needles of the matrices), a" line 13 is drawntangent to the slotfangency aro7, and represents the forward longitudinalplane of each matriX 11 and its slot. Also from each of these points 1 2 is drawn a line 14; tangent to the is a diagrarmdouble size, showing brush surface tangency are 10, said line passing through a predetermined point. 15, at the front plane of the next rearward.

matrix and slot, said line representing the brush surface plane 14, which is made up of the outside plane or brush surface 16 of the matrix, and the outside stock or brush surface 17 of the eo1nb-stock, said point being a predetermined distance below the point 12 in the combing are, from which point 12 the line 14: is drawn to represent the next rearward brush surface plane.

The depth of each slot is determined by the intersection of the plane 13 of its front face with the depth slot are 8; while the rear face of these slots and of each matrix are determined by a line 18 drawn parallel with the front face 13 at a distance equal to the thickness of a matrix 11 and extending from the brush surface plane 14: to the base 10 of the slot.

As the needles it) are all of the same length, the position of the rows of needles of different sizes on their respective matrices is determined by the distance which it is necessary for them to project from their matrix for their points to touch the needle point are 21 which is struck from the center -i of the shaft 1. The front of each matrix 11 is recessed for the reception of the needles to a depth equal to the thickness the needles, plus the thickness of the solder by means of which they are held to the matrix; the thickness of the needles, solder and matrix being equal to the thickness of the matrix slot.

The device for locking the matrices in their respective slots consists of two curved metallic members 30, Figs. 1, i, 5 and 6, each 1".Q angular in cross section, having a curvature struck from said combing are center 5, as by arcs 3i and 32, each end portion of said member being provided with a suitable hole 33 and screw 3i. To aid in removal, the comb-stock below each matrix is notched at 35, to admit a tool by means of which the matrix can be pushed upward out of the slot.

Before giving a more detailed descriptioi'i of the structure, the operation, and the advantages of, my half-lap, I will state some facts which are essential to all good combing, and which must be clearly understood.

Every half-lap is mounted upon its cylin dcr shaft. see Fig. l, and is in constant rotation. The fringe of cotton 40 to be combed is heal in the path of the needles by a pair of nippcrs H. The largest. and l caviest needles at the front A. of the half-lap, strip the fringe of cotton known as the beard first, break it up, and prepare the way for the finer and finer needles toward the back B of the half-la p. The first several rows of ne .dles remove the short fibres which are not long enough to be held by the nippers, and the last rows of fine needles polish the re maining long fibres and lay them inparallelism.

Du all halt-laps, the increasingly line needles toward the back 13 must be given an increasing amount of support. This done by raising the top or peak of each succeeding matrix an equal degree higher than its predecessor. In this way the peaks of the matrices conform to the combing-arc, which already stated, is eccentric to the center of the shaft on which the half-lap revolves.

The short fibres, nibs and dirt which are combed from the cotton, naturally seek the combing base of the needles, which is at the peak of the matrix. Before the needles do their next combing, which will be on the next revolution of the shaft, this material .must be removed from the base of the needles. 'i'his is done by a rotary brush, as O, Figs. 1 and 2, the circumference of which is traveling in the same direction as the circumference of the comb-stock D, but at a greater rate of speed. The bristles of the brush pass bet 'een the needles from the rear, and sueep away the material which has collected in front of the needles at their combing bases. If the material is to be thoroughly swept away, the bristles of the brush must be given an unobstructed path. Accordingly the peak of the matrix must be raised above the surface in front of it, in order that the brush bristles may have a clear path through the projecting length of the needles and be yond. In order to obtain brushing of the greatest eliiciency, a definite relationship must exist between the matrix peak and the preceding outer surface; and in order to ob tain brushing of the same etliciency through out the half-lap, this relationship must be alike at each row of needles, and, further, this relationship must be constantly maintained. I or example, if a matrix peak is not raised high enough above the preceding outer surface, the path of the bristles in front of the needles is obstructed, and the waste material not removed properly.

Conversely, if a matrix peak is too far above the preceding outer surface, the material, which seeks the lowest level, collects too far below to be reached by the bristles oi. the brush, and as is often the c this i'uaterial forms into a hard layer whicu gradually rises in front of the needles and be comes too firmly entrenched to be (llSlOdQjQil by the brush. The correct relationship between a matrix peak and the preceding outer surface can only be determined after experiment. Qncc found, that rehitionship should be made to exist at each row of needles and then n'iaintained, or docking, the torn. given to the collecting of vaste nmtcrial in front of the needles, will result.

in order to show the novelty of va ious features of my invention and their advanages over the prior state of the art, as known and understood by me, I will endeavor to explain certain old structures and the principles employed by them ll-Lilllll. operation,

a e i ai'idjte d iiferentiate --1ii newfeatures from them; and in so doingl n'ill classify various old ap mratus-as Prior neansl; Prior means H, etcl, and my new structures as.

from Jilillilllg the: outer" circumference, or

the outer surface'ofthe con'ib-stock, con centric with the combing arc.

The outer surface ofeach comb-stock on the market is'eccentric to' the combing are.

The outer. surface is sometimes rounded with matrices attacl'ied by means of screws I or it inay be slot-ted with tangent brush surfaces, as in thecase of the half iap ofniy invention. In the followin discussion the radius of the outer surfaeeis not specified,

and only the advisability as to Whether or not the-outer surface should be concentric with the con'ibing'arc is discussed.

Prior mere us [.Acon'1b-etock, the outer surface of which, isconcent ric with the combing arc.

Describc any circle, such as 32, from center- 5 Fi 'ure i to re )resent an outer cornl a V m a I stock surfaceconcentric ;W1th the comblng arc." By inspection of the drawing, 1t can be seen that the followingadvantages are obtained a (1) Each matrix is supported to a point an equal distance from its combing peak 12. (9,)- As matrices of equalwidth areused to slmpllfy manufacture and to secure 'accuracy, these matricesofequal Width enter into the comb-stock to unequal depth, and

may thus be secured equally by a locking means located in the comb-stock.

(3) 1n the type of haltlap in which there are noslots, thelocking means of-each matrix whichis on the outer surface instcadof beneath it, is raised to a point ancqual distance from the combing are so that inatricesof equal Width may be used;

By describinga circle from center 4, Fig.

4., to; fail near circlel32, to represent an outer surface eccentric to the combing are,

it can bosecu byinspection that the above I needlepoints; [the matrix peat: 1s niadeto advantages do not result. 7

Prior means [[.--i] comb-stock'havingits outer surfaces concentric with its combing are (as above)','the radius of the outer surface being; extended,untiltheouter surface are 9,- Fig; 3, passesthroughthe top rear edge of thematrix;

Extend the radius"ofarc'iZFig. -l, until the arc passes through thetop rear edge of thelnatrices, as are), Fig. 8. This results in an outercomb-stock surfacelocated similarly tothat of thehalf lap oi' iny invention'. .By inspection of Fig. 4 it can be seen that throughthis element the followiug advantages-fire -obtainedi (1) 1 The -1natrices zare f supported. equally (ineansiil) andiinaxinnunly '(meansII).

(2),,Thei correct relationship between brush-surfaces and matrix pea 11S, tabhshed, is maintained. This is a' necessary featin'e,- as already explained, and is brush. The distancebelow the matrix peak at which the plane of thecOn'ib-stock brush surface intersects the plane of the front face. of the matrix has been determined afer experimentation and is found to bathe point of intersection'of these two planes atwhich flocking is prevented. I

Prior means ZZ[.A' matrix requiring no adjustment in the comb-stock..- Its width and the depth of its slotv are such that when the matrix rests upon the bottom of its siotyitis in its adjusted position, and its pealrand'the needle points of its needles are given the correctelevation. I v i The I OllCWlDQ advantages .resuit through adopting-this element:

(1) The correct relationship betu'eeninatri peaks and preceding brush surfaces is established as far as the constant. eicvation oft-he n'iatrin' peakis concerned.

(2) Eaehinatrix is atall times supported and protected-to thesan e degree. Thisis because its elevation of'the llliltliXlDQilll in relation to the outer surface of the combstoclt is fixed and constant. I

Time and repair bills are saved because it is not necessary to makean adjust ment of the matrix in its slot or of the needles to gain: the correct height of the assume a correct as well as constant clevation through certain features of'structure and manufacture which will appear later.

Feature 1 of 1214 invent0n.-i\ half-lap having the planes of its mat-rift slots of equal depth matrice andfbrush surfaces" of the matrices, tangent to arcs 'st-nick fromthe combing are center.

From this feature the tagcs result: I

(l) Theplanes of the matrix-brushsuri'ollou'iug' advanfaces-intersect the front planes of the fol-- lowing matrix at equal distances c-elon ihc conib'in g p'eaksi when ess This is ice .liO

t can be seen that if the matrix slots and matrices were tangent to an are described from the center other than the combing are center-that the planes of the matrix brush surfaces would intersect at distances below the matrix peak which would differ at each matrix. 7

(2) An arc struck from the combing arc center (such as are 8, Figs. 3 and l) may be used as a measurement of the depths of the slots. Accuracy results from this, in that this are is struck from the same center as the arc to which the matrix peaks must confor1nthe combing arc.

The matrices are divided equally and similarly by the arc of the locking bar seat.

By inspection of Fig. at it can be seen that if the matrices are to be divided similarly by an are such as 32, the are to which the slots and matrices are tangent and the arc whichdivides them must be struck from the combing arc center.

F datum Ii 0/ my 'ZNUGI'Lfii072r-i combstoek having tangential plane brush snrfaces.

(1) Brush surfaces of this kind, as distinguished from matrix brush surfaces, being part of the material of the combstock, are solid and stationary and thus maintain their part in the correct relationship between brush surfaces and following matrix peaks, as already explained.

As the comb-stock brush surface occupies the entire space between matrix slots, it is only necessary that the matrix brush surface extend from the front to the back of the slot. The structure of the matrix is therefore much simplified as its front and rear faces are parallel.

Feature [[[of my ivweutionrflr half-la in which the comb-stock brush surfaces lie in the planes of the matrix brush surfaces, and are tangent to an arc struck from the combing-arc center.

Under prior means 111, it was shown tnat the elevation of each matrix peak is made stationary. Under feature I, it was shown that the plane of each matrix brush surface intersects the front plane of the following matrix at an equal distance below the combing peak. Now, as the comb-stock brush surfaces are stationary (feature II) and they lie in planes of the matrix brush surface (feature 111), the relationship between matrix peaks and preceding brush surfaces is made constant, and identity as to the relationship of brush surfaces to matrix peaks, is attained throughout the half-lap as previously stated.

As both brush surfaces lie. in the same plane, the joining of the two is smoothly made, and there is no crevice where waste can collect.

Feature [V of my inoeat0n.A half-lap having a locking bar seat and locking bar concentric with the combing arc.

The following advantages result from this feature:

(1) The are of the locking ring shoulder divides the matrices equally and similarly, as explained under feature I, and consequently matrices exactly alike in structure may be used, greatly simplifying manufacture. (There is necessarily a slight irregularity if the matrices are reversed to receive the needles.)

(2) By the use of the loc ring bar any number of matrices can be removed and rc placed as easily as can one matrix, because there are no individual locking means.

(3) As each matrix has no separate locking means, there need be no space left between the matrices for such devices, and therefore the matrices may be placed closer together if it is found necessary to use more matrices than originally providedyfor. As is well known, the combing arc cannot be lengthened for the reception of more matrices, because of the timing and mechanism of the comber.

Feature l of my 'i'nvcnt'i0n.A half-lap in which one single center of measurement is used in its manufacture. The combing arc, outer surface arc, brush surface tangency arc, and the arc determining the position of the locking bar are all described from the common center, viz, that of the combing arc.

The advantages which are the result of this feature follow:

(1) The position of the combing arc is determined with the greatest degree of accuracyibecanse there is no possibilty of variation due to the use of more than one common center of measurement. It is also possible to cause the matrix peaks to conform exactly to this combing are due to the common origin of measurements. Therefore it is certain that each succeeding matrix peak is lifted a correct amount higher than its predecessor, insuring the regular action of the brush, and that each row of increasinglyline needles is given the correct increase of support, preventing to a great extent the hending and breaking of the needles.

(2) As explained under feature iii, identity as to the relationship of brush surfaces to matrix peaks is attained taronghout the half-lap. This insures brushing of regular effectiveness, and therefore absence of flocking of the cotton and breakage of the needles whichnieans better combing and less repairing.

(3) The manufacture of the half-lap is greatly simplified, due to the possible use of a milling machine. During the complete manufacture of the comb-stock the combing arc center is used as a. center of revolution. Therefore, manufacture is made much simcenter of: the revolution iaswwould' be. the case. it. more than. oneac'ommon center or Simplicity :in. m-amtfacture is also introduced in: the ,n'i'along; ot-the illflblflCGS .xl)jV ingbar for sepa ate lQCllD inatrix.

devices jfOYLQQCll individuai The operation of myainvention as a whole will now be described. As the cylinder shaft on :which the? half-lap lSplllOUlltGCl: -lS*.'COI1 'ifringe of cotton gripped by the DiPPOlSzWlll be subjected to the action of the halt-lap. The largest andheayiest needles act ,iirst' on (the: fringe of cotton entering .into themass and removing nibs, dirt, and the shortfibres not held by thennippers. .Then: follow the succeeding rows-of;tiner,needles,;all.at the correct angle: and extend-mg the correctdxs tance to provide the: necessary amountjof support and to give the most eitt'ective combing.

On its downward patlnu'the face. of the halt-lap is secured clean of waste material. by the rotary brush.

is acted upon to the same degree by the;

. Each row of needles brush because the matrix pealrcontorms to a. regular arc. -Also the bristles-oi the brush have a clear path through the .needles to their working base and .beyoncL-as each matr weal: is lifted the COlflGC-UCllStfiIlCG above the preceding brush surfaces. Further, as' the distance of every matrix peak above the preceding brush surfacev is equal, this its effectiveness.

brushing is regular in throughout the half-lap. Also, as there are no open sauces in front ofthe matrices, there is no opportunity for waste material to become lodged. Consequently, as the halflap is swept clean. of waste material'at each contact of the-brush, there is no flockmgl. therefore better combing, less breakage, and

fewer repairs.

It is frequent that hardlap ends of cotton are run through the comber, or a cleaning brush or stick is accidentally mserted into the path ofthe needles. Being very delicate,

theneedles are either bentor broken. How

ever slight the damage, these rows of; needles simply as can asingle matrix, the reason being that there are no individual locking means. The duplicate,n'iatrices,which are stamped withnumbers corresponding to numbers nearvthe;zsl'ots they are tooccupy,

; from; the com rare. pushed; into: their slots land. are: locked liecause. it is inot necessary toigauge; the

height of the needle points, becauseoii the simplicity .otthe{ locking; features, and; be- .reason otpthe tact that: {they areidentical inisizeand s 111138;; and in the making of, the 1 lockingmcans, bysubstituting a single lorlrcause as awresult, my :improved half-lap can bcyirepairednat theumill, the;cost in repairs much reduced. he cost of freight is Only the matrices with damaged needles are. i

V :nowsent. Furtheig as'it is notnecessary to stantly revolving, 1t willbescen;.thateach mejntand construction, as forlthe outer surtacebt the-comb-stock, as for matrix slots and.forbrush-surfaces and lOCkIDg bar seat,-

there isQobtained iden-tity,;, as to form of matrices, as to form of matrix slots, as to pitch of, slots, as to comb-stock .brush? suriaees,..- and :-as;to their distance below. the

working base ofthe needles. In short, my

endeavor husheen to embracein athali dap, inas. perfect wa as; I could, not onlyone that would fulfil combing, durability and ease of repairing, but also one; that couldbe quickly, easily, and cheaplymade upon a milling machine. The application ,of; this idea; bringsrabont these most. desirableyresults.

A modified form of locking device is shown in-l ies. 7, 8 and9. f It'consists ofa curved metallic: member 60,;;rectangular= in cross:sect1on,1 hay ng ja .curvatu1e struck circular, and providednwith a suitable: hole andsereW-BS. A; slot of acnrvature and deptlrand form correspondingto that of ;-the,look member, is cut in each end of the comb-stoclrforjthe reception of this mem- Likewise eachend portion of eaclrnu is:cutaway-torthe reception ofth-is king; member. Hence, in the formation oita locking ,device, the curves having the ,combing arc center, facilitate the use of the millingmachinein reference to the manufacture of the comb-stock. ,To aid in the should be replaced-at once, for bent and, broken needles damage the cotton fabrics.

removal of eaclrmatrix, theibottomiof each slot isysligitly' notched, as at i Each bar has ears-6 ito aid in removal of bar from the comb-stock,

Should one or-inore matricesrequire repairs, .theyanay be :removed from the combstocl; byunserewing the screws 63 in the two lock bars/60, removing the bars from the comb+stocl andiithen by pushing out the m atrixi frompeach; slot .by. the 1 use of a .tool inserted; into the; groove under the matrix.

Into. its; place,-is pusheda duplicate matrix a the demands as to gpod i V I arocent er as by arcs 61, each: end portion Of said member being with corresponding needles; the matrix at once finding its pitch surface in the slot, where it may be seated and locked by replacing the lock-bar and screws in the ends of the comb-stock.

Because I have described how my invention may be made up on a milling machine with the greatest accuracy and economy as to cost, I do not mean it cannot be so constructed by other mechanical methods; or that it may not be substantially embodied in structures made with less accuracy, by machinery or otherwise, for it can be.

Desiring, therefore, to claim my invention and its features in the broadest manner legally possible, what I claim is:

1. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of matrix slots therein; a matrix for each of said slots, having a brush-surface tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre giving the desired pitch to each of said matrix brushsurfaces.

2. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of matrix slots, the plane of the front face of each slot being tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a center; and the depth of each slot being determined by a depth slot arc struck concentrically from said center; a matrix for each of said slots, having a brush surface tan ent to an arc struck from said center giving the desired pitch to each of said matrix brush surfaces.

3. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft and having a multiplicity of longitudinal slots therein; a comb-stock brush-surface in front of each of said slots, whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from a center in a line passing through the center of the shaft.

A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal matrix slots therein; a comb-stock brush-surface in front of each of said slots,

whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre.

5. A comb-stock, mountable upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis concentric with the combing arc, eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal matrix slots, with opposite parallel plane surfaces, and corresponding outside longitudinal brush surfaces, one in front of each of said slots, the plane of the front surface of each slot, and the plane of the brush surface in front of each slot, being tangent to its re- SPGCilVQ curved surface, having said eccentric longitudinal axis as a center, the radius for each of said concentric surfaces beingdetermined by the pitch to be given to the brush surfaces and by the pitch to be given to said front surfaces of the slots; and the depth of each of said slots being identical and predetermined by a curved surface having said eccentric longitudinal axis as a center, the said concentric curved surfaces determining the pitch and the depth of the slots, and the pitch of the brush surfaces.

6. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal matrix slots therein; a comb-stock brush-surface in front of each of said slots, whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from a center in a line passing through the center of the shaft; a matrix for each of said slots, whose brush-surface lies in the plane of the following combstock brush-surface.

7. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal matrix slots therein; a comb-stock brush-surface in front of each of said slots whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a matrix for each of said slots having its brush-surface in the plane of the following comb-stock brushsurface.

8. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal matrix slots, with opposite parallel plane surfaces, and corresponding outside longitudinal brush surfaces, one in front of each of said slots, the plane of the front surface of each slot, and the plane of the brush surface in front of each slot, being tangent to its respective curved surface having said axis as its center; the pitch given to the front surfaces of the slots, determining the radius of the curved surface to which their planes are tangent; a matrix for each of said slots, whose combing are hassaid axis as a center, and whose top brush surface lies in the plane of the l'rush surface of the comb-stock which in each case intersects the plane of the front face of the following matrix slot, at an equal distance below the combing-arc, the pitch given to the brush s rfacc plan of the comb stock determining the rad of the curved surface to which they are tangg cnt.

9. A comb-stock mounted upon a shaft, and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a series of slots therein for the reception of matrices, the front face of each slot being tangential to an arc struck from said axis as a center; said matrices; a semi-circular locking-bar to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices, at a point between the top and bottom of each of said matrices, the curvature of said bar having said longitudinal axis of the comb-stock for its centre; and means for removably securing said locking ar to said comb-stock to hold rigidly each of said matrices in its respective slot.

10. A comb-stock mounted upon a shaft lit) said locking-harm locking engagement with and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a series of slots therein forthe reception of n'iatrices, the front face of each slot being tangential. to an arc struck from said axis for a centre; said matrices; a semi-circular locking bar to en gage said. comb-stock and each of said matrices, the end portions of the comb-stock and each of said matrices boil cut an to form a send-circular seat for said lo ,1:- ing-bar, the curvature of said i arand said seat having said longitudinal axis of the comb-stock for its centre;iand means for rcmovahly securing said locking-bar in said seat to hold each'of said matrices in operative position in its respective slot in said comb-stock.

1.1. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft; and he *iing a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of slots, the front face of each slot being tangential to an arc struck from said axis as a. center; the depth of each slot being determined by a deptl'r slot struck concentrically from said center; matrices of equal Width resting upon the bottom of each of their respective slots; a locking bar to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices, the end portions of said combstock and each of said matrices being cut away and receiving said locking-bar to en g ge said comb-stock and each of said matrices; and means for removably v securin said comb-stock and each of said matrices.

1.2. A comb-stock mountable on a shaft and having alongitudinal axiseccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of slots therein, the front face of each slot being tangential to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; matrices in said slots; a lockingbar to engage said comb-stock and eachof said matrices, the end portions of said combstock and each of said matrices being cut away and receiving said locking-bar to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices; and means for removably securing said locking-bar in locking engagement with said coinb-stock and each of said. uratrices. 13. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a series of slots therein for the reception of matrices; said inatrices; semi-circular locking-bar to eng said comb-stock and each of said n'iatrices, the end portion of the comb-stock and each of said matrices being cut away to form a semi-circular seat for said locking-bar, the curvature of said her and said seat having said longitudinal axis of the comb-stock for its center; and means for removably securing said locking-bar in said seat to hold each of said matrices in operative position in its respective slot in said cOmbstock.

1a. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft,

and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of matrii slots, the front face of each slot being tangential to an arc struck from said axis as a center; and the depth of each slot being dctcrmined by a depth slot arc struck coir centrically from said center; matrices of equal Width resting upon the bottoms of and having a longitudinal axis, common with that of the combing-arc and eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of long tudinal matrix slot-s, with opposite parallel plane surfaces, and corresponding outside longitudinal brush surfaces, one in front of each of said slots, the plane of the front surface of each slot, and the plane of the brush surface in front of each slot, being tangent to its respective curved surface, having said eccentric longitudinal axis a center; the radiusfor each of'said concentric surfaces being determined by the pitchto be given to the brush surface and by the pitch to begiven to said front surface of the slot, the depth of each and all of said slots being identical and predetermined by a curved surface having said eccentric longitudinal axis as a center; the said concentric curved surfaces determining the pitch and depth of the slots,and the pitch of the briish surfaces; matrices for said slots, said matrices being of equal idth and resting on the bottom of said slots; a concentric locking bar to engage said combstock, and each of said matrices at points between the top and the bottom of each of said matrices; and means for removably securing, said locking bar to said combstock to hold rigidly each of said matrices in. its said respective slot.

16. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the'shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal slots therein; a comb-stock brusln surface in front of each of said slots Whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal slots therein; a comb-stock brush-surface in front of each of said slots whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a matrix for each of said slots, having its brush-surface in the plane of the following comb-stock brush-surface; a locking-bar to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices at points between the top and bottom of each of said matrices; and means for removably securing said bar to said combstock to hold rigidly each of said matrices in its respective slot.

18, A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft and having longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a series of slots therein for the reception of matrices, the front face of each slot being tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a combstock brush-surface in front of each of said slots, whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a ma rix for each of said slots, having its brush-surface lying in the plane of the following combstock brush-surface; a locking-bar concentric with said arc, to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices at points between the top and bottom of each of said matrices; and means for removably securing said bar to said comb-stock to hold rigidly each of said matrices in its said respective slot.

19. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft and having a lon itudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal slots therein; a comb-stock brush-surface in front of each of said slots whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a matrix for each of said slots having its brush-surface in the plane of the following comb-stock brush-surface; a locking-bar to engage said co1nb-stock and each of said matrices, the end portions of said comb-stock and each of said matrices being cut away and receiving said locking bar to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices; and means for removably securing said locking-bar in engagement with said comb-stock and each of said inatrices.

20. A combstock mountable upon a shaft and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a multiplicity of longitudinal slots therein; a comb-stock brushsurface in front ofeach of said slot-s whose plane is tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a matrix for each of said slots having its top or brush surface in theplane of the following comb-stock brushsurface; a locking-bar concentric with said are to engage said comb-stock and each of said matrices at points between the top and bottom of each of said matrices; and means for remevably securing said bar to said combstock to hold rigidly each of said matrices in its said respective slot.

21. A comb-stock mountable upon a shaft and having a longitudinal axis eccentric to that of the shaft; a series of slots therein for the reception of matrices, the front face of each slot being tangent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a comb-stock brush surface in front of each of said slots, whose plane is tan ent to an arc struck from said axis as a centre; a matrix for each of said slots, having a brush-surface lying in the plane .of the following comb-stock brushsurface; a locking-bar to engage said combstock and each of said matrices at points between the top and bottom of each of said matrices; and means for removahly securing said bar to said comb-stock to hold rigidly each of said matrices in its respective slot.

In testimony whereof I hereunto afiix my signature.

DONALD E. lVINlEl-l. 

